MySQL Spatial Extensions

MySQL implements a subset of the SQL with Geometry Types environment proposed by OGC. This term refers to an SQL environment that has been extended with a set of geometry types. A geometry-valued SQL column is implemented as a column that has a geometry type. The specification describe a set of SQL geometry types, as well as functions on those types to create and analyze geometry values.

SpatiaLite

SpatiaLite is an SQLite database engine with spatial functions added.
SQLite is a popular DBMS, simple, robust, easy to use and really lightweight. Each SQLite database is simply a file; you can freely copy it, compress it, send it on a LAN or WEB with no complication at all.

License：MPL-1.1 and GPL-3.0
The project description quoted above is licensed by OSGeo under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License。

pgRouting

pgRouting extends the PostGIS / PostgreSQL geospatial database to provide geospatial routing functionality.
Advantages of the database routing approach are:

• Data and attributes can be modified by many clients, like Quantum GIS and uDig through JDBC, ODBC, or directly using Pl/pgSQL. The clients can either be PCs or mobile devices.
• Data changes can be reflected instantaneously through the routing engine. There is no need for precalculation.
• The “cost” parameter can be dynamically calculated through SQL and its value can come from multiple fields or tables.

License： GPL-2.0

Rasdaman

Rasdaman extends standard relational databases to provide storage and retrieval of multi-dimensional raster data (i.e., arrays) of unlimited size using an SQL-style raster query language with highly effective server-side optimization. Data are stored in a PostgreSQL database, thereby achieving tight information integration. A rasdaman driver is a part of the GDAL (Geospatial Data Abstraction Library) library for geospatial data formats, a MapServer integration is available in beta. Access interfaces include OGC WCS, WCPS, and WPS, as well as C++ and Java APIs in addition to the rasdaman raster query language.

The rasdaman technology is stable and mature, deployed in production since over 10 years; the French National Geographic Institute runs rasdaman on a dozen-Terabyte airborne image map. At the ACM Principles of Database Systems Conference in 2007, raster database expert Rona Machlin characterizes rasdaman as “the most comprehensive implementation of such a system”.

Licence:

• clients and petascope: LGPL-3.0
• server engine: GPL-3.0

The project description quoted above is licensed by OSGeo under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License。

PostGIS

Hibernate Spatial

Hibernate Spatial is a generic extension to Hibernate for handling geographic data. Hibernate Spatial is open source and licensed under the LGPL license. Hibernate Spatial allows you to deal with geographic data in a standardized way. It abstracts away from the specific way your database supports geographic data, and provides a standardized, cross-database interface to geographic data storage and query functions.

License：LGPL