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jre的问题以及其他一些协议的问题 (1 位瀏覽者) (1) Guest
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TOPIC: jre的问题以及其他一些协议的问题
#550
jre的问题以及其他一些协议的问题 2010/07/03 09:50  (9 Years, 4 Months ago) Karma: 0  
你好!
最近我们在开发一个程序,程序采用java开发,由于java运行的时候必须采用jre(JAVA SE RUNTIME

ENVIRONMENT)的环境,我们希望将我们编写的应用软件和jre打成一个安装程序的包比如windows上的EXE,这样

客户就可以直接安装使用我们的软件了,而不用先去安装一个jre再来安装我们的应用软件。
(jre的发布协议如一下的附件所示)

我们的需求:
使用的软件开源或者是闭源(jre闭源)必须具有商业友好性,由于是商业软件,不能提供源码

问题一:我们是否可以将jre整合进入我们的软件
问题二:如果可以将jre整合进我们的软件,我们需要注意些什么
问题三:如果可以将jre整合进我们的软件,那么我们是否可以删减jre的一些部分呢(因为jre的体积太大,一部
分功能不需要)

此外在我们的软件之中还会使用到其他的软件
这些软件的协议是:
1、Apache License Version 2.0, January 2004 www.apache.org/licenses/
2、Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) License
3、postgresql www.postgresql.org/about/licence
4、MIT
对于以上四个协议我们有如下的理解,不知是否正确
采用以上的四个协议发布的软件,都具有良好的商业友好性,这些商业友好性给予我们充分的权限去使用这些软
件,并且:
1、不用公布我们开发软件的源代码
2、以上的开源软件在和我们的软件一同发布的时候在我们没有更改他们源代码的情况下,也不用在提供他们的源
代码。但是需要也有责任,申明我们使用过这些软件,保留他们的版权
3、如果我们修改了他们的源代码,我们不仅需要声明我们使用过这些软件,保留他们的版权,同时还要申明我们
修改过他们的源代码,但是我们也可以不再公布我们修改的源码
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#556
Re:jre的问题以及其他一些协议的问题 2010/07/09 14:52  (9 Years, 4 Months ago) Karma: 10  
Hi ABD,

抱歉因為網站設定出了問題,您之間上傳的附件並未成功上傳,

我手機在Oracle官網上找了JRE的授權聲明:https://www.java.com/en/download/license.jsp

希望這份授權聲明就是您之前上傳的,

若搜索結果有所謬誤再請您指正。

----------

依據我閱覽JRE授權聲明「Oracle Corporation Binary Code License Agreement for the JAVA SE RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT (JRE) VERSION 6 and JAVAFX RUNTIME」的了解,

JRE並非是以自由軟體授權的方式來授權

其授權聲明全文我貼在最下面,

另以「藍色」及「紅色」標出來的關鍵字,

是該授權聲明裡最值得探討的部份。

所以依據這份授權聲明來回答您的問題:

问题一:我们是否可以将jre整合进入我们的软件

回答一:可以、相關的文字說明在該條款「SUPPLEMENTAL LICENSE TERMS」的部份。


B.License to Distribute Software. Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and restrictions and exceptions set forth in the Software README file, including, but not limited to the Java Technology Restrictions of these Supplemental Terms, Oracle grants you a non-exclusive, non-transferable, limited license without fees to reproduce and distribute the Software (except for the JavaFX Runtime), provided that (i) you distribute the Software complete and unmodified and only bundled as part of, and for the sole purpose of running, your Programs, (ii) the Programs add significant and primary functionality to the Software, (iii) you [color=#FF0000]do not[/color] distribute additional software intended to replace any component(s) of the Software, (iv) you do not remove or alter any proprietary legends or notices contained in the Software, (v) you only distribute the Software subject to a license agreement that protects Oracle's interests consistent with the terms contained in this Agreement, and (vi) you agree to defend and indemnify Oracle and its licensors from and against any damages, costs, liabilities, settlement amounts and/or expenses (including attorneys' fees) incurred in connection with any claim, lawsuit or action by any third party that arises or results from the use or distribution of any and all Programs and/or Software.

问题二:如果可以将jre整合进我们的软件,我们需要注意些什么

回答二:如前一段貼文所示,「不得修改原JRE、僅能單純用來執行您的程式、不得置換原JRE所使用的元件、不得修改或是移除ORACLE的授權聲明、該組合程式的授權方式不得與JRE 的授權方式相衝突…」。

问题三:如果可以将jre 整合进我们的软件,那么我们是否可以删减jre的一些部分呢(因为jre的体积太大,一部分功能不需要)

回答三:不可、因為這份授權文字已經律定「(i) distribute the Software complete and unmodified;(iii) you do not distribute additional software intended to replace any component(s) of the Software。」

我參照了一些文件,

目前的評估是Oracle JDK及OpenJDK裡用的JRE都是同一份授權,

當然、若是您能夠提供其他以自由軟體授權方式授權的JRE套件,

麻煩再提供連結給我,那麼、上面的推論就會完全不同了。

那麼關於其他軟體的授權方式:

1、Apache License Version 2.0
2、Berkeley Software Distribution
3、postgresql
4、MIT

上述皆是BSD-like的自由軟體授權條款,

確實也都給予使用者很大的改作及再散布的自由,

但卻僅有著作權標示及免責條款保留的義務性規定。

所以:

問題一:改作上述授權程式的話,需不需要另行提供所改作元件的程式原始碼?

回答一:不需要,但若是確定不另行提供改作元件的程式原始碼,則建議不再稱此元件為MIT/BSD授權,而另以貴公司自己的方式(如XXX INC. License)授權出去,並聲明原元件改自哪一個自由軟體專案,且保留原元件作者的著作權聲明(Copyright Notice)資訊和免責條款(Disclaimer)」於著作權聲明頁面或是檔案裡。

問題二:散布未經修改的MIT/BSD類型軟體的目的碼,需不需要自行提供這些元件的程式原始碼?還是可以僅提供該元件的原始下載連結和授權資訊即可?

回答二:是的、沒有嚴格的義務性要求,散布MIT/BSD元件目的碼(BINARY CODE)時,也有義務一併提供原始碼。一般來說、僅需提供該元件的原始下載連結和授權資訊即可(可見附檔圖片,MICROSOFT WINDOWS 7 宣示所使用BSD授權軟體的頁面)。

問題三:散布已經修改的MIT/BSD類型軟體的目的碼,需不需要自行提供這些修改元件的程式原始碼?還是可以僅提供該原始元件的原始下載連結和授權資訊即可?

回答三:這個回答近似於回答一,關於這些MIT/BSD元件,若是修改後不打算散布修改過的程式原始碼,則建議以貴公司自己的授權方式(如XXX INC. License)散布該修改元件的目的碼,並聲明此修改元件源自哪一個自由軟體專案,且保留原元件作者的著作權聲明(Copyright Notice)資訊和免責條款(Disclaimer)」聲明即可。

希望上述的資訊對您有所幫助,有後續問題歡迎接續討論。

敬祝 順心健康

20100709 1430 自由軟體鑄造場 林誠夏

----------

Oracle Corporation Binary Code License Agreement for the JAVA SE RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT (JRE) VERSION 6 and JAVAFX RUNTIME

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#557
Re:jre的问题以及其他一些协议的问题 2010/07/09 22:36  (9 Years, 4 Months ago) Karma: 0  
Hi,lucien
首先感谢你的回复,其次虽然文件没有上传成功,但是你对工作的严谨令我敬佩!
的确,jre不是开源软件,这点我在文中没有提到。

上文中提到了sun或者现在属于oracle,也提到了Apache
我们在使用apache OpenJPA软件的时候发现了一下的授权文件及说明

首先在apache官网上挂的OpenJPA的license是Apache License Version 2.0 openjpa.apache.org/license.html
但同时我们在OpenJPA软件的下载包中的发现了如下的文件(docs/manual/openjpa_legal.html#openjpa_legal_license)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

1. License

Apache OpenJPA is released under the Apache Software License Version 2.0

Apache OpenJPA includes the persistence and orm schemas from the JPA specifications and elects to include this software in this distribution under the CDDL license.

Apache OpenJPA includes software developed by the SERP project, which uses the BSD license
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
虚线中的是文件部分
【我的备注】在文件中CDDL license 文本上有一个链接指向glassfish.dev.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL.html (抱歉,目前还不习惯网站的超链接编辑)

对此我们就产生了疑问
1、CDDL这种协议的开放性?
2、GPL-license是一种有感染性的license同时对商业软件限制严格,一般情况下都不会与Apache license 2.0兼容那为什么OpenJPA却同时集成了Apache license 2.0和CDDL GPL?
3、如果使用OpenJPA辅助开发我们的软件,我们的软件是不是受这个关联协议的影响,比如我们开发的软件也要开源;使用OpenJPA是否能保证我们的商业软件不开源呢?
4、一个其他的问题,CC license【creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/cn/】是否也是类BSD的呢,同时具有商业友好性?
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#559
Re:jre的问题以及其他一些协议的问题 2010/07/15 23:44  (9 Years, 4 Months ago) Karma: 10  
Hi ABD,

抱歉最近整個計畫都在處理站台整合的工作,

所以拖到現在才有一些時間可以回覆。

以下就你所發問的問題擇要說明:

一、可否簡單介紹CDDL這款授權條款的授權特性及使用上的開放性?

CDDL一般來說我們將其歸類於第三類的自由軟體授權條款,也就是說一部份的性質近似GPL類別,但也帶有一部份BSD類別的特性,也就是走在中間路線的第三條路。

就原則上來說,CDDL的程式碼具有部份的COPYLEFT性質,也就是說、修改該程式的本體,後續也得用CDDL來散布這個衍生程式。

但是!如果是在這個主程式的基礎上,加寫獨立的模組或是功能,那新撰寫這部份的程式碼,可以用撰寫者自己想要的授權方式來授權,只要這個授權方式與CDDL彼此不互斥。

也就是說、原則上,新寫的功能只要是「被獨立出來為一個另外存放的檔案(File)」,則可以不受到CDDL授權方式的拘束。

更多的CDDL的授權資訊,可以參照鑄造場對CDDL的濃縮介紹:https://www.openfoundry.org/tw/licenses/2061

或是參考葛冬梅小姐「CDDL:MPL 的衍生條款」這篇專文:https://www.openfoundry.org/tw/component/content/article/1348-cddlmpl-

二、GPL是一種具有強制授權拘束性的自由軟體授權條款,為什麼GlassFish這個專案,在授權頁面的說明上會同時出現"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"與CDDL這樣的授權方式?

GlassFish專案的授權頁面如右:https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL.html

這個頁面裡同時出現在CDDL與"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"兩款授權條款,

但並不是表示這兩個授權條款是相容的,

而是SUN(Oracle)同時將Glassfish這個專案以CDDL「或者(Or)」"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"兩種授權方式併行釋出,

這是一種雙重授權(Dual license)的手法。

以下為Oracle對於雙重授權方式的簡單聲明(https://glassfish.dev.java.net/downloads/v2.1.1-final.html):

The majority of the GlassFish code is available under a dual license consisting of the Common Development and Distribution License ( CDDL) v1.0 and the GNU General Public License (GPL) v2. The following page contains details about the components in GlassFish Open Source Edition and the licenses under which they are covered. See the third party readme for external components included in GlassFish v2.1.1 and their associated licenses.

所謂的雙重授權,就是將專案同時以不同的授權方式釋出,

讓程式的下載者自行決定他要用哪一種授權方式得到這個軟體。

實際的範例如Mozilla Firefox也是採三重授權:https://www.mozilla.org/MPL/

* Mozilla Public License, version 1.1 or later
* GNU General Public License, version 2.0 or later
* GNU Lesser General Public License, version 2.1 or later

所以OpenJPA這個專案所包入的Sun(Oracle)授權的元件,

其實是以「CDDL or "GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"」雙重授權的方式散出的專案。

而要與OpenJPA專案的其他部份相容能相容這個問題,

可能的解釋有下列二個方式:

1、OpenJPA專案為該元件指定了「CDDL or "GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"」裡CDDL的授權方式。

那麼OpenJPA專案的其他部份與該元件之間並沒有授權拘束性的問題,

因為這屬於BSD元件與CDDL元件之間的結合關係。

2、OpenJPA專案是以「CDDL or "GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"」裡"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"的授權方式來利用該元件。

而如果OpenJPA專案對這個元件的利用方式,

確實僅止於連結利用(Linking),

那也不會產生GPL授權條款擴散性的拘束效力。

因為所謂的"CLASSPATH EXCEPTION",

就是SUN(Oracle)以著作權利人(Copyright holder)的地位,

自主性的弱化其以GPL釋出程式碼的授權拘束性,

這一部份SUN(Oracle)的特別聲明如下所示(https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/CDDL+GPL.html 拉到最下頁):

"CLASSPATH" EXCEPTION TO THE GPL VERSION 2

Certain source files distributed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. are subject to the following clarification and special exception to the GPL Version 2, but only where Sun has expressly included in the particular source file's header the words
"Sun designates this particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided by Sun in the License file that accompanied this code."

Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is making a combined work based on this library. Thus, the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public License Version 2 cover the whole combination.

As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent modules, and to copy and distribute the resulting executable under terms of your choice, provided that you also meet, for each linked independent module, the terms and conditions of the license of that module.? An independent module is a module which is not derived from or based on this library.? If you modify this library, you may extend this exception to your version of the library, but you are not obligated to do so.? If you do not wish to do so, delete this exception statement from your version.

所以、也許OpenJPA專案不論是以CDDL的方式或是以"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"的方式利用該元件,

都不會被判定開啟GPL授權條款的授權拘束性,

才會在散布該元件時「合併保留」CDDL與"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"二種授權方式的全文,

因為一般來說雙重授權的元件如有A、B兩種授權方式時,

在散布者已經決定要用A種授權方式來使用這個元件時,

再散布該元件時就該把B種授權方式的宣告刪除掉,

但應該是OpenJPA專案的散布者認為CDDL與"GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"在此個案中都適用,

才會一併同時保留這二款授權方式。

三、使用OpenJPA輔助開發自己的專案,會不會為自己的專案帶來授權拘束性?

原則上不會、因為OpenJPA專案是以Apache2.0授權的,

那麼關於它有其他授權方式的元件,

例如您舉例以「CDDL or "GPL+CLASSPATH EXCEPTION"授權的元件,

只要是以連結的方式來利用這些元件,

也都不會開啟該元件的授權拘束性。

四、「署名 2.5 中国大陆」授權條款是不是BSD-like的授權方式?能不能使用在商業性的重製和散布上呢?

是的、「署名 2.5 中国大陆」授權條款可以說是BSD-like的授權方式,也能夠被使用在商業性的重製和散布。

只要您在再散布該文件時,保留並清楚標示原著作權利人的著作聲明及顯名條款即可。

CC授權條款是以四種標章為基礎組合成六組授權配對。

BY-指的是使用及再散布這個作品需要標示原作者的著作權聲明與顯名聲明(Attribution)。

NC(Non-commercial)-指的是使用及再散布這個作品時,需注意不能拿來做商業營利。

ND(No derivative)-指的是可以自由使用及再散布這個作品,但再散布時不能改作。

SA(Share alike)-就是Copyleft、指的是可以自由使用及再散布這個作品,但再散布原作品或是衍生作品時,需要依循它原來的授權規則。

所以如果您指的就是「署名 2.5 中国大陆」授權條款,

這是BY的狀況、只要保留並清楚標示原著作權利人的著作聲明及顯名條款,

便可自由地使用、改作、散布這個作品,

即使是用在商業性的販售產品中亦可。

希望上面這些資訊對您有所幫助。

後續若仍有問題歡迎接續討論。

20100715 1515 自由軟體鑄造場 林誠夏

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对此我们就产生了疑问
1、CDDL这种协议的开放性?
2、GPL-license是一种有感染性的license同时对商业软件限制严格,一般情况下都不会与Apache license 2.0兼容那为什么OpenJPA却同时集成了Apache license 2.0和CDDL GPL?
3、如果使用OpenJPA辅助开发我们的软件,我们的软件是不是受这个关联协议的影响,比如我们开发的软件也要开源;使用OpenJPA是否能保证我们的商业软件不开源呢?
4、一个其他的问题,CC license【creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/cn/】是否也是类BSD的呢,同时具有商业友好性?
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